Exercise 1
Active and passive voice
Change the following sentences into passive voice.
1.I know him.
2.His conduct will surprise you.
3.His failure disgusted his parents.
4.One must endure what one cannot cure.
5.They say that honesty is the best policy.
6.He had to pay the fine.
7.What does this box contain?
8.I want you to do this.
9.I expect you to help her.
10.Women like men to adore them.
11.One should help the poor.
12.The farmer grows vegetables.
Answer
1.He is known to me.
2.You will be surprised at his conduct.
3.His parents were disgusted at his failure.
4.What cannot be cured must be endured.
5.It is said that honesty is the best policy.
6.The fine had to be paid by him.
7.What is contained in this box?
8.I want this to be done by you.
9.I expect her to be helped by you.
10.Women like to be adored by men.
11.The poor should be helped.
12.Vegetables are grown by the farmer.
Exercise 2
Adjective or adverb
Complete the following sentences.
1.I feel ——————————
a) Unhappy
b) Unhappily
2.I will get the car ————————–
a) Ready
b) Readily
3.She is too ————————– a person to refuse.
a) Polite
b) Politely
4.We will have to think ————————–
a) Quick
b) Quickly
5.She danced ————————– into the room.
a) Happy
b) Happily
6.She sang ————————–
a) Bad
b) Badly
7.I remember him very ————————-
a) Good
b) Well
8.Cyanide is a ———————– poison.
a) Dead
b) Deadly
9.This steak is very ———————— cooked.
a) Badly
b) Bad
10.He was ———————– in love with her.
a) Mad
b) Madly
11.They were playing ————————- fast.
a) Unusual
b) Unusually
12.I ————————– believed that you wanted to help me.
a) Wrong
b) Wrongly
Answer
1.I feelunhappy.
2.I willget the car ready.
3.She istoo polite a person to refuse.
4.We willhave to think quickly.
5.Shedanced happily into the room.
6.She sangbadly.
7.Iremember him very well.
8.Cyanideis a deadly poison.
9.Thissteak is very badly cooked.
10.He wasmadly in love with her.
11.They wereplaying unusually fast.
12.I wronglybelieved that you wanted to help me.
Exercise 3
Adverbs
Complete the following sentences using appropriate adverbs.
1.————————— you are not going out in that old coat?
a) Surely
b) Sure
2.She is sleeping —————————-
a) Sound
b) Soundly
3.Can you be there at six o’clock ————————-?
a) Sharp
b) Sharply
4.She looked at him —————————–
a) Sharp
b) Sharply
5.We have ———————– differing opinions.
a) Wide
b) Widely
6.I hate arriving —————————
a) Late
b) Lately
7.I haven’t been to the opera much ————————–
a) Late
b) Lately
8.I have ————————– got any clean clothes left.
a) Hard
b) Hardly
9.Isn’t that girl dressed ———————–?
a) Pretty
b) Prettily
10.Throw it as ———————– as you can.
a) High
b) highly
Answer
Exercise 4
Adverbs
Fill in the blanks with suitable adverbs. Choose from those given in thetable.
Slowly | Even | Only | Tomorrow | Quickly | Completely | Probably |
Upstairs | Certainly | Neatly | Definitely | Happily | Often | always |
1.Polite people ……………………….. say thank-you.
2.I …………………………… have headaches.
3.You have ……………………….. been working too hard.
4.He always wears a coat, ………………………… in summer.
5.……………………….. he can do a thing like that.
6.………………………… I have got a meeting in New York.
7.She got dressed ……………………………
8.This time tomorrow I will be …………………………. working in my garden.
9.It will …………………………… rain this evening.
10.The children are playing ………………………..
11.I ……………………. feel better today.
12.My brother ………………………….. forgot my birthday.
13.Write your answers ………………………
14.She read the letter …………………………….
Answer
1.always
2.often
3.definitely
4.even
5.only
6.tomorrow
7.quickly
8.happily
9.probably
10.upstairs
11.certainly
12.completely
13.neatly
14.slowly
Exercise 5
And, butand or
Complete the following sentences using the conjunctions and, but or or.
1.I know the answer ……………………… will not tell you.
2.We rushed to the station ………………………. the train had gone.
3.The bus was crowded ……………………….. I managed to get in.
4.This Sunday we can go for a picnic ……………………… visit Uncle James.
5.On a warm summer day, will you wear a black shirt ………………………… a white shirt?
6.I think he will come, ……………………. I am not sure.
7.Aunt Emma is eighty years old ………………………. her eyes are still sharp.
8.I called ………………….. he did not answer.
9.If you want it, come ……………………. get it.
10.Most people work by day …………………….. sleep at night.
Answer
1.I know the answer but will not tell you.
2.We rushed to the station but the train had gone.
3.The bus was crowded but I managed to get in.
4.This Sunday we can go for a picnic or visit Uncle James.
5.On a warm summer day, will you wear a black shirt or a white shirt?
6.I think he will come, but I am not sure.
7.Aunt Emma is eighty years old but her eyes are still sharp.
8.I called but he did not answer.
9.If you want it, come and get it.
10.Most people work by day and sleep by night.
Exercise 6
Auxiliary verbs
Fill in the blanks with appropriate auxiliary verbs. Each question has onlyone correct answer. Choose the most appropriate one.
1.He ………………. writing a novel. (is / am / has)
2.He ……………….. to retire next year. (is / am / was)
3.They ……………….. marching forward. (are / have / will)
4.The dinner ………………. being cooked. (is / has / will)
5.They …………………. being questioned. (are / has / will)
6.They ………………… engaged in a heated argument. (were / will / am)
7.I ………………. a cable from my son in New York. (am / had / was)
8.They ……………….. violated the agreement. (have / are / were)
9.She ……………….. never promised to do it. (had / is / were)
10.I …………………. forgotten to post the letter. (am / had / was)
Answer
1.He is writing a novel.
2.He is to retire next year.
3.They are marching forward.
4.The dinner is being cooked.
5.They are being questioned.
6.They were engaged in a heated argument.
7.I had a cable from my son in New York.
8.They have violated the agreement.
9.She had never promised to do it.
10.I had forgotten to post the letter.
Exercise 7
Conditional clauses
Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of the verb.
1.If I know her name, I ———————– you.
a) Would tell
b) Will tell
c) Would have told
2.If I became the President, I ——————- taxes.
a) Would abolish
b) Will abolish
c) Would have abolished
3.If you —————– harder, you would pass your exam.
a) Worked
b) Had worked
c) Would work
4.I will phone you if I ——————- time.
a) Have
b) Had
c) Would have
5.If my nose were a little bigger, I ——————- look much better.
a) Would
b) Will
c) Would have
6.It would be nice if you ———————- me a bit with the housework.
a) Helped
b) Would help
c) Had helped
7.I will give her your love, if I ——————– her.
a) Meet
b) Met
c) Will meet
8.If the policeman had run a bit faster, he ———————– the thief.
a) Could have caught
b) Could catch
c) Caught
9.I ——————- be perfectly happy if I had a house full of kids.
a) Will
b) Would
c) Will have
10.If you eat too much, you ——————– fall ill.
a) Will
b) Would
c) Would have
Answer
1.Will tell
2. Would abolish
3. Worked
4. Have
5. Would
6. Helped
7. Meet
8. Could have caught
9. Would
10. Will
Exercise 8
Conditional Sentences
Fill in the blanks with suitable conditional verb forms.
1.If you ————— to learn a musical instrument, you have to practise.
a) want
b) wanted
c) would want
d) have wanted
2.If you ———– maths at school, you would find commerce difficult to understand.
a) learned
b) didn’t learn
c) doesn’t learn
d) won’t learn
3.If that was John, why ————— he stop and say hello?
a) do
b) did
c) don’t
d) didn’t
4.If I —————- enough time tomorrow, I will come and see you.
a) get
b) will get
c) had got
d) have got
5.If I ———— her name, I would tell you.
a) know
b) knew
c) have known
d) had known
6.If I married you, we both ———– be happy.
a) will
b) would
c) would have
d) would been
7.oil ————- if you pour it on water.
a) float
b) floats
c) would float
d) floated
8.She would have come if you ————– her.
a) would invite
b) had invited
c) invited
d) invite
9.If he —————– well, he would have passed the examination.
a) studied
b) study
c) had studied
d) has studied
10.If you asked him neatly, he ————– you.
a) would have helped
b) will have helped
c) would help
d) will help
Answer
1.want
2. didn’t learn
3. didn’t
4. get
5. knew
6. would
7. floats
8. had invited
9. had studied
10. would help
Exercise 9
Conjunctions
Fill in the blanks with suitable conjunctions.
1. I am right ——————– you are wrong.
a) And
b) Or
c) But
d) Though
2. ——————- he was not invited, he did not come.
a) So
b) As
c) For
d) That
3. ——————– somewhat boastful, he is a good companion.
a) As
b) Though
c) But
d) Since
4. Give every man thy ear, —————— few thy voice.
a) But
b) As
c) For
d) And
5. He knew more about culture and philosophy ——————— any man living.
a) Than
b) And
c) Since
d) For
6. And God called the light day, ——————– the darkness He called night.
a) And
b) But
c) Or
d) For
7. He may be right —————– wrong in his opinion.
a) Or
b) And
c) But
d) Since
8. Small service is true service ——————– it lasts.
a) When
b) While
c) If
d) So
9. He may enter ——————– he is a friend.
a) As
b) So
c) And
d) But
10. Either you are mistaken, ——————- I am.
a) And
b) Nor
c) Or
d) But
11. Blessed are the merciful, —————— they shall obtain mercy.
a) For
b) So
c) And
d) Till
12. He fought ——————- a brave man should do.
a) For
b) As
c) Since
d) And
13. Time ——————- tide do not wait for anybody.
a) But
b) And
c) Nor
d) Neither
14. A book is a book, —————— there is nothing in it.
a) If
b) Although
c) Yet
d) But
15. They carved not a line, ——————- they raised not a stone.
a) But
b) Yet
c) And
d) Or
Answer
1. But11. For
2. As12. As
3. Though13. And
4. But14. Although
5. Than15. and
6. And
7. Or
8. If
9. As
10. Or
Exercise 10
Direct and Indirect Objects
Rewrite the following sentences putting the indirect objects before thedirect objects.
1.Jane told a secret to me.
2.John’s father left a huge property for him.
3.Call a taxi for me.
4.They promised their help for us.
5.My mother gifted a necklace to me.
6.My friend did a great favor for me.
7.She lent her necklace to me.
8.The principal granted leave for us.
9.I promised my support for him.
10.The President awarded a gold medal to him.
11.Our guest told an interesting story to us.
12.I bade a sad farewell to my friends.
Answer
1.Jane told me a secret.
2.John’s father left him a huge property.
3.Call me a taxi.
4.They promised us their help.
5.My mother gifted me a necklace.
6.My friend did me a great favor.
7.She lent me her necklace.
8.The principal granted us leave.
9.I promised him my support.
10.The President awarded him a gold medal.
11.Our guide told us an interesting story.
12.I bade my friends a sad farewell.
Notes
Theindirect object comes before the direct object when it is shorter than thedirect object, or when the direct object has to be made prominent.
Exercise11
Formation of questions
Change the following statements into questions
1.James has gone home.
2.Peter has bought a new car.
3.He has done his homework.
4.The girls have gone to the market.
5.Jane speaks Spanish.
6.Mary is ill.
7.We are visiting them next week.
8.She is better now.
9.Alice can swim.
10.He will win the match.
Answer
1.Has James gone home?
2.Has Peter bought a new car?
3.Has he done his homework?
4.Have the girls gone to the market?
5.Does Jane speak Spanish?
6.Is Mary ill?
7.Are we visiting them next week?
8.Is she better now?
9.Can Alice swim?
10.Will he win the match?
Grammar notes
Ina question the auxiliary verb comes before the subject.
Shehas come. (Statement)
Has she come? (Question)
Ifthere is no other auxiliary verb, we use do, does or did to form the question.
Heplays well. (Statement)
Does he play well? (Question)
She sings sweetly. (Statement)
Does she sing sweetly? (Question)
Dois not used together with other auxiliary verbs or with be.
Shecan knit. (Statement)
Can she knit? (Question) (NOT Does she can knit?)
Exercise12
Gerund and Infinitive
Replace the gerund by an infinitive and the infinitive by a gerund in thefollowing sentences.
1. To laugh is better than to frown.
2. Writing a story is not easy.
3. He likes to collect books and does not like giving them away.
4. Flying kites is a good sport, but to bet on them is bad.
5. He likes to read and to write.
6. She likes dancing and singing.
7. Seeing is believing.
8. She loves making dolls.
9. To wait for people who were late made him angry.
10. To sell insurance is a pretty boring job.
Answer
1. Laughing is better than frowning.
2. To write a story is not easy.
3. He likes to collect books and does not like to give them away.
OR He likes collecting books and does not likegiving them away.
4. Flying kites is a good sport, but betting on them is bad.
5. He likes reading and writing.
6. She likes to sing and dance.ac
7. To see is to believe.
8. She loves to make dolls.
9. Waiting for people who were late made him angry.
10. Selling insurance is a pretty boring job.
Exercise13
Indirect speech
Change the following into indirect speech.
1.‘What do you want?’ he said to her.
2.He said, ‘How is your mother?’
3.‘Are you free?’ he asked.
4.He said to us, ‘Why are you all wasting your time?’
5.‘Are you coming from India?’ the princess asked the handsome boy.
6.The poor man exclaimed, ‘Will none of you help me?’
7.The slave asked his master, ‘What have I done to deserve so severe a blow?’
8.‘Can you speak English?’ she asked me.
9.‘Have you anything to say on behalf of the accused?’ the judge said to thelawyer.
10.‘Have you anything to tell me, little bird?’ asked Ulysses.
Answer
1.He asked her what she wanted.
2.He asked how my/his/her father was.
3.He asked whether I / he/she was free.
4.He asked us why we were all wasting our time.
5.The princess asked the handsome boy whether he was coming from India.
6.The poor man exclaimed whether none of them would help him.
7.The slave asked his master what he had done to deserve so severe a blow.
8.She asked me if I could speak English.
9.The judge asked the lawyer if he had anything to say on behalf of the accused.
10.Ulysses asked the little bird whether it had anything to tell him
Exercise14
Personal pronouns
Supply suitable personal pronouns.
1.Peter is in the cricket team. ………………………….. is a good bowler.
2.Alice is learning music. …………………………….. has a golden voice.
3.John and Peter are close friends. …………………………. like each other very much.
4.…………………………. are on a picnic.
5.………………………….. are all great friends – James, Mina, Peter and the dog!
6.On my birthday, Peter gave …………………………….. a nice gift.
7. Mary is in the same classas Jane and Peter. ………………… likes both of ……………………
8.Harry used to be afraid of dogs. Now ………………… likes ………………………….
9.She likes watching birds living on a tree near …………………………. house.
10.The nests have baby birds in ………………………………
Answer
1.Peter is in the cricket team. He is a good bowler.
2.Alice is learning music. She has a golden voice.
3.John and Peter are close friends. They like each other very much.
4.We / they are on a picnic.
5.They are all great friends – James, Mina, Peter and the dog!
6.On my birthday, Peter gave me a nice gift.
7.Mary is in the same class as Jane and Peter. She likes both of them.
8.Harry used to be afraid of dogs. Now she likes them.
9.She likes watching birds living on a tree near her house.
10.The nests have baby birds in them.
Exercise15
Place Prepositions
1. The cat was hiding ———————- the bed.
a) On
b) In
c) Under
d) Over
2. She sat —————— her children.
a) Between
b) Among
c) On
d) In
3. Are you still ——————— the same address?
a) On
b) In
c) To
d) At
4. It is very hot ——————— the center of the earth.
a) In
b) At
c) On
d) To
5. The plane stopped for an hour ———————- New York.
a) On
b) To
c) At
d) From
6. Sorry, I couldn’t come yesterday – I was ——————- the theatre.
a) On
b) In
c) At
d) With
7. The cat fell ———————– the well.
a) On to
b) Into
c) Out
d) On
8. London is ——————– the Thames.
a) At
b) In
c) On
d) By
9. There aren’t many mangoes ——————– the tree this year.
a) In
b) At
c) To
d) On
10. He asked the boy to stop throwing stones ——————— the cat.
a) In
b) On
c) At
d) To
Answer
1. Under
2. Among (We use between to talk about two people or things.We use among to talk
aboutmore than two people or things.)
3. At (We generally use at to talk about addresses.)
4. At (We use at to talk about position at a point.)
5. At
6. At
7. Into
8. On (We use on for position by a lake, river or sea.)
9. On (= attached to)
10. At
Exercise 16
Prepositions
Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions.
1.He has been very negligent ………………………….. his studies.
a) In
b) For
c) With
2.He sat there lost …………………………… his dreams.
a) In
b) With
c) At
3.This may lead ………………………. complications later.
a) At
b) To
c) For
4.We all look …………………………… him for help and guidance.
a) Up to
b) After
c) For
5.We must prevent him ………………………. making a fool of himself.
a) From
b) With
c) At
6.They quarreled ………………………… some minor issues and started fighting.
a) Over
b) With
c) For
7.There is no room ………………………… building a garage here.
a) For
b) Of
c) On
8.We have run …………………………. coal.
a) Of
b) Out of
c) For
9.The villagers are steeped ……………………………. ignorance and superstition.
a) In
b) With
c) For
10.Do you subscribe …………………………. the doctrine of rebirth?
a) To
b) At
c) With
Answer
1.He has been very negligent in his studies.
2. He sat there lost in his dreams.
3. This may lead to complications later.
4. We all look up to him for help and guidance.
5. We must prevent him from making a fool of himself.
6. They quarreled over some minor issues and started fighting.
7. There is no room for building a garage here.
8. We have run out of coal.
9. The villagers are steeped in ignorance and superstition.
10. Do you subscribe to the doctrine of rebirth?
Exercise17
Question tags
Addappropriate question tags to the following statements.
1. That’sthe postman, …………………?
2. Not avery good novel, ………………?
3. Theypromised to repay us within two months ……………….?
4. It is notwarm, ………………..?
5. Youdidn’t meet Jane, ………………….?
6. John gaveyou an envelope, …………………?
7. Youhaven’t seen my keys anywhere, ……………….?
8. Let’s gofor a walk, …………………..?
9. You neversay what you are going to do, …………………?
10. There islittle we can do about it, ……………….?
11. I’mlate,………………?
12. He has abad temper, ………………?
Answer
1. That’sthe postman, isn’t it?
2. Not avery good novel, is it?
3. Theypromised to repay us within two months, didn’t they?
4. It is notwarm, is it?
5. Youdidn’t meet Jane, did you?
6. John gaveyou an envelope, didn’t he?
7. Youhaven’t seen my keys anywhere, have you?
8. Let’s gofor a walk, shall we?
9. You neversay what you are going to do, do you?
10. There islittle we can do about it, is there?
11. I’mlate, aren’t I?
12. He has abad temper, hasn’t he / doesn’t he?
Grammar notes
After let’s…,we use shall we?
Non-negativetags are used after sentences containing negative words like never, no,nobody, hardly, scarcely and little.
It’s nogood, is it? (NOT …isn’t it?)
When haverefers to states, question tags with have and do are bothpossible in British English. In American English, do is more common.
She hasthree kids, doesn’t she / hasn’t she?
Exercise18
Relative pronouns
Fill in the blanks with appropriate relative pronouns.
1. He got married again twomonths later ………………….. surprised everybody. (which / where / what)
2.The idea ………………… she put forward didn’t impress me. (which / what / who)
3.This is Jane, ……………… does my hair. (who / that / which)
4.She married an engineer ………………. she met on a bus. (who / whom / that)
5.Have you got a book ………………. is easy to read? (that / who / where)
6. We bought some oranges from…………………. we extracted the juice. (which / whom / that)
7.James lent me a mattress on ……………… I slept soundly. (which / whom / who)
8.My aunt gave me her laptop for ……………. I was very grateful. (which / what /whom)
9.Have you got anything ……………… belongs to me? (that / what / which)
10.The only thing ………………. matters now is to find a good job. (that / which / what)
Answer
1.He got married two months later which surprised everybody.
2.The idea which she put forward didn’t impress me.
3.This is Jane, who does my hair.
4.She married an engineer whom she met on a bus.
5.Have you got a book that is easy to read?
6.We bought some oranges from which we extracted the juice.
7.James lent me a mattress on which I slept soundly.
8.My aunt gave me her laptop for which I was very grateful.
9.Have you got anything that belongs to me?
10.The only thing that matters now is to find a good job.
Exercise19
Sentence completion (prepositions)
Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions. Choose your answers fromthe options given below each question.
1. Before the game started shefelt certain ……………….. winning, but after a few minutes she realized that itwasn’t going to be easy.
a) of
b) for
c) to
2.I am not afraid ……………….. tell the truth.
a) of
b) to
c) for
3.You seem very sure ……………………… passing the test.
a) of
b) on
c) to
4.I am interested …………………. finding out what she did with that money.
a) in
b) to
c) of
5.I was interested …………………. read in the paper that scientists have discoveredextraterrestrial planets that could possibly support life.
a) in
b) to
c) at
6.I am not accustomed …………….. giving personal information about myself tostrangers.
a) to
b) of
c) with
7.I don’t drive fast because I am afraid ……………….. crashing.
a) of
b) to
c) for
8.I am sorry ………………. losing my temper this morning.
a) about
b) of
c) to
9.I am keen ……………….. building a career in publishing.
a) for
b) on
c) at
10.She insisted ………………… coming with me.
a) to
b) on
c) at
Answer
1.of
2. to
3. of
4. in
5. to
6. to
7. of
8. about
9. on
10. on
Exercise21
Subject or Object Pronouns
Fill in the blanks with correct pronouns.
1.Rita goes to school with ……………………….. (me / I)
2.……………………. is my friend. (she / her)
3.Can you help ………………………? (me / I)
4.She is taller than …………………….. is. (he / him)
5.I earn as much as ……………………….. does. (she / her)
6.……………………… go to school by bus. (we / us)
7.She has lost ……………………….. memory. (she / her)
8.We are going for a drink. Would you like to come with ……………………? (us / we)
9.The invitation was for Jane and ………………………… (me / I)
10.John and ………………………. are going skiing this weekend. (I / me)
Answer
1.Rita goes to school with me.
2.She is my friend.
3.Can you help me?
4.She is taller than he is.
5.I earn as much as she does.
6.We go to school by bus.
7.She has lost her memory.
8.We are going for a drink. Would you like to come with us?
9.The invitation was for Jane and me.
10.John and I are going skiing this weekend.
Grammar notes
Thesubject pronouns are: I, he, she, they, you and we.
Objectpronouns are: me, his, her, them, you and us. Note that you do not change.
Subjectforms are used when the pronoun is the subject of the verb. Object forms areused when the pronoun is the object of the verb or preposition.
Exercise22
These and those
Change the number of the underlined nouns and rewrite the sentences.
1.Can you help me carry this box?
2.I have not been to that place.
3.I want to hear that story.
4.I have to wash these shirts.
5.Can you clean that window?
6.Answer these questions.
7.Who planted this tree?
8.I am watching that bird.
9.You can eat this mango.
10.I like this dress.
Answer
1.Can you help me carry these boxes?
2.I have not been to those places.
3.I want to hear those stories.
4.I have to wash this shirt.
5.Can you clean those windows?
6.Answer this question.
7.Who planted these trees?
8.I am watching those birds.
9.You can eat these mangoes.
10.I like these dresses.
Notes
Theseis the plural form of this. Those is the plural form of that.